Synchronous climate hazards pose an increasing challenge to global coffee production

Global coffee production is at risk from synchronous crop failures, characterised by wide-spread concurrent reductions in yield occurring in multiple countries at the same time. For other crops, previous studies have shown that synchronous failures can be forced by spatially compounding climate anomalies, which in turn may be driven by large-scale climate modes such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We provide a systematic analysis of spatially compounding climate hazards relevant to global coffee production. We identify 12 climate hazards from the literature and assess the extent to which these hazards occur and co-occur for the top 12 coffee-producing regions globally.